We are still on the series that covers everything on Cocoa production in Africa. This time we are looking at the different ways of planting cocoa in Africa, and their advantages and disadvantages.
Direct seeding and nursery establishment are two methods of cocoa cultivation, each with its advantages and disadvantages. The decision of which method to use depends on various factors such as the resources available, the desired outcome, and the preferences of the farmer. It is important to carefully evaluate these factors before selecting the most suitable method for cocoa cultivation.
The common ways of planting cocoa
First, let us talk about the two methods.
Planting using nursery seedlings
As the term suggests, with this method seedlings are developed from the nursery and then transplanted to the field healthy and at the right age. You can read more about how to establish a cocoa nursery.
Pros
- Plants grow better and establish better in the field.
- There is a higher chance (90-100%) of survival after transplanting to the field.
- Not many are lost due to pests and diseases.
- You can select only healthy and uniform seedlings to establish your field.
- Plants are easily identified during weeding so cutting them is reduced.
Cons
- You need special growing tools and facilities like polybags, nurseries etc.
- You need more labour which makes it more expensive.
- Transportation cost is involved and so it adds up to cost.
Planting at stake (Direct seeding)
With this method, the farmer makes a small hole in the soil with a cutlass or machete. The farmer then places two fresh cocoa seeds in the hole and covers it with soil. At about 8 weeks after germination, the weaker of the two cocoa plants is cut off.
Both have their advantages and disadvantages and that is what we are going to look at.
Pros
- This is more economical since no special growing facilities.
- There is no or very minimal transportation cost since the seeds are originally sown in place.
- Transportation shock is eliminated.
- Seedlings can better withstand adverse climatic conditions since they are developed in situ.
Cons
- The competition for space, nutrients and moisture may result in poor growth.
- Young seedlings are exposed to rodents and insect pests.
- You do not have a choice when it comes to the uniformity of the field.
- During weeding, some cocoa plants may get cut.
- You need more beans to cover an area compared to the nursery method.
